The Last Christmas of the War.

As writers everywhere will tell you, the final product, whether it be poem, article, short story or history, often bears little resemblance to the first draft. My work is no exception.

One of my earliest ideas for Australia’s Few and the Battle of Britain was to have a chapter entitled ‘Last Christmas of the War’. For seven of the pilots, 1939’s Christmas would indeed be their last and so I wanted to highlight the poignancy of Christmas celebrations and expressed hopes for the future knowing full well their fates. Structurally, it would serve a useful purpose: bringing multiple stories and timelines to the fixed point of a shared experience on the same day.

As with the best laid plans, circumstances got in the way of what I thought was a good idea. Too many words so I had to cut down the narrative (the final version is almost 3500 shorter). A full chapter dedicated to one day was a bit too much. Stuart Walch’s activities could not be totally pinned down although I thought I had a fair idea of what they were.

All in all, a different focus was needed. So, a drastic cut, a some rearrangement, and a new chapter heading. The poignancy is still there but it is not as emotional and there is probably a better blend of social and military history. But I still like that original version and the reasoning behind it so thought, as a tribute to the boys during the 75th anniversary of their last Christmas, I would share it. Readers of Australia’s Few will recognise much of it but I think they might also be interested in what was left out.  And if you have not read Australia’s Few, perhaps you might like to discover more about these young men.

 

Chapter Six: Last Christmas of the war.

Just another Working Day

When Dick Glyde returned to France after escaping from Borsbeek, he was greeted by Squadron Leader John Dewar, 87 Squadron’s new commanding officer who replaced Squadron Leader Coope on his posting to 52 Wing. It didn’t take Dick long to settle into squadron life after his internment, escape and enjoyable leave in London. He may have missed out on the royal visit of 6 December but he had a taste of the same sort of ceremony when the prime minister, Neville Chamberlain, visited on 16 December. It was a formal occasion. The Hurricanes were lined up on the tarmac, the prime minister inspected the facilities, and Squadron Leader Dewar, Sergeant Francis Howell and Dick were presented to Chamberlain.

Before Dick knew it, it was the first Christmas of the war. It was foggy so both flights were on 30 minutes availability. The day was celebrated in the traditional RAF manner, with the officers invited to the sergeants’ mess to drink the Loyal Toast. The officers and NCOs then served the yuletide meal to the ground crews who had kept the Hurricanes serviceable despite the best efforts of mud, rain and, more recently, snow and bitter winds. A show put on by the officers rounded off the evening. There is no record of Dick’s contribution to the festivities but fellow Australian Johnny Cock upset his audience in some way and left the stage ducking from a host of oranges pelted at him by the ground crew. Hopefully Johnny caught the oranges as the vitamin C-laden fruit would have come in handy over the next few weeks as one by one 87 Squadron’s pilots were brought low by colds, bronchitis and influenza. The French winter was almost unendurable and the warmth of Christmas cheer soon dissipated as temperatures decreased. It was so cold, recalled Pilot Officer Roland Beamont who had only arrived the month before, that the ‘huts became coated with sheets of glistening ice and the doors and windows were blocked with snow’.

While Dick Glyde had been tuning his new Hurricane to perfection in early November before his Belgian internment, Pat Hughes was again packing his bags. But it was not for France. He had been posted from 64 Squadron and Church Fenton, but he did not have far to travel. In fact, he was not even leaving Yorkshire. Like Des Sheen, he was going to Leconfield. RAF expansion had gathered pace during 1939 and fifteen new fighter squadrons were operational by the end of the year. Pat had been posted to 234 Squadron which had reformed on 30 October 1939.

Squadron Leader William Satchell took command on the 30th and the next day, his new flight commanders, flying officers John Theilmann and Howard Blatchford, arrived from 41 Squadron. Pilots, administrative staff and airmen came from all directions. But it wasn’t all one way traffic. Squadron Leader Satchell was injured in a motor car accident on 2 November and hospitalised and Flying Officer Blatchford returned to 41 Squadron two days later. ‘Thus’, as the squadron historian put it, ‘terminating what must have been two of the shortest command appointments ever’. Within days, Squadron Leader Richard ‘Dicky’ Barnett arrived, followed by Pat on 8 November to replace Blatchford.

Although most on his new station were Englishmen, Pat found that, like Church Fenton, Leconfield was home to many members of the Commonwealth. For example, Pilot Officer William Hugh ‘Scotty’ Gordon was born in Scotland. Pilot officers Cecil Hight, Keith Lawrence and Patrick Horton hailed from New Zealand (Horton, who was born on 20 May 1920, was a student at The Hutchins School, Tasmania from March 1932 until December 1933, and was about three years behind Stuart Walch.) And of course, Pat, who, like Jack Kennedy, had by this stage lost his accent, was Australian. There was no sense in this new squadron of the Antipodeans being treated like colonials. Keith Lawrence recalled that his British friends might laugh at someone’s origins, but it was all in fun and never to anyone’s detriment. They had many different backgrounds but they all got on well. 

The majority of 234 Squadron’s pilots had only just completed their flying training. As a flight commander, Pat was responsible for mentoring his new boys as they adjusted to life in a soon-to-be operational squadron. He had obviously proved himself capable of such responsibility on the occasions when he had stepped into the shoes of his flight commander at 64 Squadron. But now his new pilots were solely dependent on him to prepare them for operations. On the face of it, it might have proved a difficult task. Pat was almost the same age as Cecil Hight, who was born on 6 September 1917 and he was younger than some of his pilots—Pilot Officer Kenneth ‘Ken’ Dewhurst, for instance, was 25 years old and Pilot Officer Geoffrey Gout was 23. But the ages of the majority of his pilots, ranged from 18 to 20.

Pat took his role as flight commander seriously. By now he had notched up over two years experience in the RAF. He had matured considerably; he did not exhibit any of the boisterousness that had marked his Point Cook and Digby days. He may have mellowed but his leadership style was uncompromising. Even so, he soon commanded respect as the squadron’s ‘Australian mentor’. He was also, according to Bob Doe, ‘one of the lads’, and ‘was not a remote figure’. They could look up to him and share a drink at the pub. More importantly, he was a ‘cracking good pilot’, recalled Keith Lawrence. ‘What he could do with a plane!’

But what sort of aircraft? And, for that matter, what sort of squadron? Bomber or fighter? It was a mystery. Squadron Leader Barnett was in the dark and the only aircraft on the new squadron’s charge were two Magisters and no training aircraft, so no clues there. By 11 November, the complement had increased to three and the pilots took it in turns to clock up 2 hours 30 minutes local flying in them and 40 minutes in the link trainer. It wasn’t a good start to becoming an operational-ready squadron.

Confusion continued to reign when, on 16 November, one Fairey Battle—a single-engined light bomber—arrived, as well as three obsolete Gauntlets on loan from 616 Squadron which was also located at Leconfield. What would Pat have felt at the thought of ending up as a bomber pilot after disputing his initial categorisation at Digby? But still nothing was certain. Rumours started flying—and were reinforced by the arrival of wireless operator/air gunners—that perhaps they might be destined for Bristol Blenheims. Then an Avro Tutor biplane trainer turned up. The pilots put in hours of flying training and attended lectures on aircraft recognition, battle orders, radio telephone (R/T) procedure and, almost incredibly given the lack of fighter aircraft, air fighting tactics.

By the end of the month, the rumours were confirmed, and the air fighting lectures finally made sense. Eight Blenheim F1 fighter aircraft, as well as a dual-control Blenheim, arrived on 28 November, and another three were collected from a maintenance unit on the 30th. They were a fighter squadron.

Pat was now in his element. He had mastered the Blenheim at 64 Squadron and, like his former squadron leader, was an advocate of tight flying discipline. His B-Flight pilots took to the air to familiarise themselves with Leconfield and environs and became adept at flying their new Blenheims. By 22 December, 15 pilots had soloed on the Blenheim. And then the more complicated training began.

Keith Lawrence recalled that, when the miserable winter weather allowed, Pat insisted on drilling in the rigid RAF fighter attack patterns. Bob Doe recalled that they ‘were good at formation’ flying. They carried out many wingtip-to-wingtip formation exercises, constantly perfecting their technique. On one occasion, however, the Australian flight commander was accused of taking it too far.

Pat was leading and called his pilots to formate on him. Tight flying in a Blenheim is dicey as the engines obscure the wingtips. Even so, Pat’s men flew closer and closer to him. But it was not good enough. Pat kept signalling Keith to move in and then the inevitable happened. Keith’s Blenheim’s wing touched Pat’s. Pat promptly ordered his wireless operator to bale out while he fought for full control. He landed safely but it taught him there was such a thing as flying too close.

Pat and 234 Squadron were so busy there was little time off for his second Yorkshire Christmas. Officially, 23 December to 31 December was designated as the Christmas break but flying practice was carried out on three days during the festive season. At North Weald in the south, however, it was a different matter.

Stuart Walch and 151 Squadron had been grounded for three days. The fog seemed even thicker on Christmas day and, yet again, no flying was possible. But for once, Stuart and his friends did not seem to mind their continuing exile from the air. The squadron diarist, who seemed a bit of a wag, recorded that ‘today was one of the rare occasions when everyone was glad to see fog, and Christmas was celebrated by the squadron in the traditional manner.’ Festivities over, Stuart wanted to get back into the air. He carried out a standing convoy patrol on the 29th and that was it. The ‘nil report’ sortie just seemed to crown off a month with little meaningful activity where the enemy continued to elude him.

With so little operational action, had Stuart managed to escape from North Weald during Christmastide? The temptation, if he could squeeze a few hours off the station, would have been great. Colonel John Crosby Walch—Percival’s younger brother and Stuart’s uncle—was hosting a family reunion at his country home at Devizes, Wiltshire. John had joined the Tasmanian artillery at the outbreak of the Boer War and, in 1900, accepted a regular commission in the British Royal Horse and Field Artillery. After the Boer War, he was posted to India. He returned to England in 1909 with short postings to South Africa. Promoted to major, he served in France during the Great War. He had a good career. In 1917 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and Mentioned in Despatches and was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1918. His sister Catherine Minna, who had settled in England when she married, would be there, as would Stuart’s sister Brenda. Stuart’s mother, Florence, had returned to Australia in August, but Brenda had decided to stay and take up voluntary work. The Walch house party was shaping up to be a grand affair and Stuart would not have wanted to miss either it or the chance to catch up with his sister and the extended Walch family.

Meanwhile, Stuart’s old Point Cook classmate Jack Kennedy had big plans for Christmas and they didn’t involve hanging around Northolt. And why would he want to be tied to the station when 65 Squadron had had little to do since the so-called Battle of Barking Creek?

There had been no operational flying during October, after the move from Hornchurch, and none in November. Apart from the death of 26-year-old Pilot Officer Bryan Graham who hailed from Auckland, New Zealand in a flying accident on 25 November, all was just the ‘usual squadron routine’. Things appeared to be looking up on 2 December, when Flight Lieutenant Gerald Saunders led a section to investigate an unidentified aircraft. Then there was nothing to report, and no more aerial forays until 21 December, when Jack led a section to investigate an X raid—an unidentified aircraft reported by radar or Observer Corps which needed to be checked out—but it was only a friendly, as was the one he was called out to investigate on 22 December.

With so little happening at Northolt, it was an easy matter for Jack to be released over Christmas and he did not delay in hopping into his Lagonda and driving to Whitstable and Christine Jourd. When he arrived at Christine’s family home, he presented her with a huge box of chocolates. Not terribly romantic, but luxury items were already disappearing from shop shelves. Since ration books had been issued after National Registration Day on 29 September, and rationing of some essential items had been scheduled to start on 8 January 1940, rumours of hoarding were already rife. Chocolate wouldn’t be included in the first lot of rationed items but sugar, of which 70% of Britain’s supplies were imported, had been rationed in the last months of the Great War and so it did not take too much imagination to realise it would soon be on the restricted list. And indeed it was. As the war progressed, chocolate became darker, rougher, more powdery and less palatable than the pre-war variety. Jack’s luxurious gift was a boon for a sweet-toothed girlfriend. But more than the chocolate, Christmas 1939 was another fleeting chance to forget the war as the two young lovers rejoiced in their precious hours together.

‘A fine old English house’

Bill Millington was going from strength to strength at Tern Hill. He had his first flight in a Harvard, under dual instruction, on 10 October. Two days later, after only three hour’s dual, he soloed. Then, during a height test on the 21st, he broke his training squadron’s record, taking his Harvard to 18,000 feet. Bill’s initial aerial success was not surprising given the lessons he had taken at Parafield earlier that year. His dual hours clocked up in the South Australian skies might not have been many, but they had given him confidence and put him ahead of many of his training companions.

When not in the air, Bill visited local families, introduced via Lady Frances Ryder’s hospitality scheme, and kept fit on the squash court, which he thought ‘jolly good exercise’. He also played ‘scrum half for the squadron rugby team. We usually manage to scrape up at least one and sometime two matches a week’. In her most recent letter, his sister Eileen asked if went out at night. He cheekily replied ‘quite a bit—out into the blue’. He found night flying ‘rather tricky at first but becoming more enjoyable every flight, depending mainly on the weather’.

As October drew to a close, Bill had some time off and so visited his friend Glen Grindlay, who he had met at Lady Frances and Miss Macdonald’s flat in Sloane Square. When Bill received his posting to Reading, Glen had stayed in London until he was sworn into the RAF Volunteer Reserve on 8 August as an air gunner. Glen was enjoying the hospitality of Captain Codrington Gwynne Reid Walker and Bill was also invited to join the Reid Walker family at Ruckley Grange, ‘a fine old English house’, located about 20 miles from the training school. The handsome neo-Elizabethan house, built in about 1904, was surrounded by extensive grounds which included stables, plantations, water features and parkland. It overlooked a wooded valley and, harking back to his youth when he helped his father in the garden, Bill lost no time offering to help chop down trees and clear out the undergrowth. Not every visitor to a handsome country seat would immediately pick up an axe but Bill had a ‘pleasant time’. And then it was back to Tern Hill.

Over the next few weeks, Bill worked hard and, as in October, had little time to fill in his diary, apart from outings with new friends, the odd game of golf and a tour of some ruined castles. He put in time in the link trainer and generally progressed well in his training except for a mishap with Harvard N7030 on 25 November when he landed with the undercarriage retracted. ‘Rather bad show’ but, fortunately, there was ‘little damage except to airscrew’. He studied for the exams which marked the conclusion of his intermediate training.

He received 86% in armament and 90% in signals but his airmanship results of 57% let him down. Overall, he was ranked 22nd out of the 29 officers on the course, with an average of 71%, just below the officers’ average of 73.5%. Results in hand, he was off. First to Ruckley Grange again for a few days tree felling and shooting, followed by a trip to London to visit his relatives and Lady Frances Ryder, and to catch up with Captain Reid Walker at the Cafe Anglais and Boodle’s, a gentlemens’ club in St James’s Street.

If anything outstanding happened training-wise in the last weeks of 1939, Bill didn’t record it. His last diary entries were devoted to his Christmas leave. At midday on 22 December, Captain Reid Walker picked him up from the mess and drove back to Ruckley Grange where, by this stage, Bill was feeling quite at home. Almost immediately, he rolled up his sleeves and attacked the rhododendrons. Over the next few days he worked in the pine plantation and the sycamores, and spent more time pruning the rhododendrons. He was pleased to see Glen Grindlay again. Since they had last met, Glen had completed a course at the gunnery school at Manby, and was just about to finish operational training at Upper Heyford.

Bill liked nothing better than being with family and friends, and with the Reid Walkers he had both. He was embraced by a large, welcoming family who did not stand on ceremony and his first Christmas in England since he was a lad was a warm, happy affair en famille. He had ‘a very enjoyable time’, full of ‘hunting, felling trees, shooting, skating and tobogganing’. He particularly took to ice skating, which he thought ‘a lot of fun and I was duly initiated into the art, taking a number of falls in the process. Actually I find it much easier than roller skating, but have to glide into somebody or something to stop’. And then it was Christmas morning.

Bill and Glen leapt out of bed at 1.00 a.m. and sneaked downstairs. They quietly let themselves out of the house and, securing axe and rope, dashed through the snow encrusted grounds to a strand of trees where they selected a well-shaped Christmas tree and then chopped it down. Alternately dragging and pushing it, they returned at about 2.30 a.m. and managed to erect it in the ‘large room set aside for the festivities’. As silently as possible, Santa’s most recent helper elves decorated it. With the last fragile bauble trembling at the end of a branch, they scooted back upstairs to sleep the sleep of the not-so-innocent.

When everyone awoke and gathered by the tree, Bill was ‘given the job of Father Christmas’, to hand out the parcels and ‘things went off exceptionally well’. Then, he and Glen ‘explored the old attics and lumber rooms where we unearthed a number of old costumes, uniforms etc dating back to the eighteenth century’. Christmas dinner was to be in fancy dress and so Bill selected ‘the mess kit of a colonel of the Prince of Wales Volunteers which was originally the property of my host’s grandfather’. Glen chose something a little more feminine, and Bill thought he ‘made a very prim Victorian miss until something ripped, when he was promptly christened “Loose Lucy”’.

Bill’s first English Christmas since childhood ‘was a grand affair’. He and Glen settled down to ‘ten courses, followed by crackers etc. We finished off the evening with dancing in the ballroom.’ It was a happy day and riotous evening and, when they finally turned in about 2.00 a.m., ‘Glen was too tired to remove his war paint’.

Glen had to return to his station the next morning and ‘was horrified to find that the lipstick was unmovable’. No matter how hard he rubbed, it would not budge. The sight of him, ‘at breakfast in full uniform with bright red lips’, elicited gales of laughter from Bill and their hosts. After breakfast, with Bill offering encouragement over his shoulder, Glen ‘spent an hour with hot water, scrubbing brushes and numerous jars of cleansing cream removing the indelible lipstick. He vows he’ll never be caught again’.

In contrast to the good times and laughter at Ruckley Grange, the final day of 1939 was a quiet one for Bill. He arrived back at Tern Hill just before midnight on the 30th and spent New Year’s eve writing letters. He did not celebrate the waning of 1939 and the dawn of 1940, but retired early.

 ‘I’d hate like hell to go back a failure’

Every service pilot dreaded being ejected from his training course, and John Crossman was no different. When he arrived at 9 Elementary Flying Training School at Ansty in Warwickshire on 30 October, he immediately felt the pressure to fly quickly and well. He was in the air that afternoon, and took over the controls of a Tiger Moth almost as soon as his instructor, Sergeant Webb, cleared the aerodrome. He then flew ‘35 minutes strait and level. At least I tried hard to do that. It was great’. He marvelled at the sights from the dual cockpit: ‘The aerodrome and buildings are wonderfully camouflaged and to see the ‘drome from the air it looks as though it is all fields with hedges dividing them off. England from the air is just like a patchwork quilt, all shades of green and the roads look like white ribbons.’

Next morning, he was in the front seat of Tiger Moth N5472. Under Sergeant Webb’s careful guidance from the instructor’s seat behind him, he taxied into position to take off. When they were airborne, Sergeant Webb said, ‘You’ve got it’. John then ‘took over and flew it straight and level for a while and then the instructor brought it down and I taxied back to the tarmac’. It was a grand moment for John. After 65 minutes total dual, Sergeant Webb was pleased with John’s progress and the young Australian hoped to advance to turns the next day. As it happened, he had two training sessions on 2 November, again practising straight and level flying as well as climbing, gliding and stalling, and, finally, medium turns. He was quietly pleased that his ‘climbing and gliding is quite good now and also my turns’.

John progressed satisfactorily in his first flying week. Sergeant Webb told him he was ‘doing quite well and wants me to do some more landings and a few spins and then go solo’. Despite this vote of confidence, and the fact that ‘I have had no trouble flying up to date’, John was a perfectionist and wanted more dual hours under his belt. In particular, ‘I feel I’d like to do a few more landings myself ... and get fairly proficient at it before I do go solo. But as the Point Cook boys had found, the pressure was on to solo as fast as possible but the English weather more often than not conspired to keep him out of the air. And when John was grounded, his impatience grew. To make matters worse, like Pat Hughes, he did not take to the English weather. ‘This place is a damp, cold and miserable one (I mean England) and at times I’d give anything for a good old Australian sun. We wouldn’t mind so much if the weather didn’t stop our flying.’

On top of all that, he experienced pangs of homesickness. ‘Have you bought the piece of land you were talking of for the new house?’, he asked his parents in a letter home. ‘If you do build again make my room a big one please, because when I do come home I’ll be bringing lots of things.’

As Pat Hughes had found before him, flying lessons—when they could have them—were often a case of one step forward, and four backwards. After 10 hours 50 minutes dual, John carried out a solo test on 15 November and, if this went well, he would be able to graduate to the next stage of his training. But it did not go well. ‘Landed all over the place again. In the air I fly well but am gone 30 feet from the ground.’ Flight Lieutenant Williams, who took the test, kindly put John’s poor performance down to a problem with his eyesight but a check-up revealed nothing wrong. Perhaps John would benefit from another instructor? And so, under the guidance of Pilot Officer Underhill, John continued dual instruction until 20 November when, with 14 hours 35 minutes notched up—10 minutes less than Pat Hughes at Point Cook in March 1936—he retook the solo test, again with Flight Lieutenant Williams. This time he was successful and was allowed a 10 minute solo flight. Not only was it good not to have someone telling him what to do when he made a mistake, but ‘it is absolutely marvellous to think that at last I’ve flown a plane on my own as I’ve wanted to do for a very long time now.’

There was no time to rest on his solo laurels. As Des Sheen had discovered at Point Cook, the progress of trainee pilots was carefully scrutinised by their instructors. Three days after John’s first solo, his course lost two trainees. John was lucky that Flight Lieutenant Williams had given him a second chance, as those unhappy chaps both ‘failed their flying tests and will be leaving for Australia soon’. And the reason? ‘They were both taking too much time to go solo and after being taken up for tests were told they were not fit for flying.’

Although John was ‘awfully sorry’ for the ‘poor beggars’ who had to pack their bags, it was hard not to put aside his own dread that he too would be passed out: ‘I don’t know what I’d do if I were given the order of the boot. It would look as though I were letting everyone down when really to stay in the RAF a fellow has to be able to fly almost from the word go.’

Although he told his parents there was ‘no dishonour in being ousted like this’—perhaps softening them up in case he had to join his friends on the return passage to Australia—he believed there was something shameful about being turfed out: ‘I’d hate like hell to go back a failure.’ 

With the ejection of the two Australians from the training school, ‘not a few of us feel very apprehensive about it as the course is very rigorous’. John did not often dwell on the past, and he would never have dared, under normal circumstances, to criticise his father, but his apprehension got the better of him and, in a letter home, he admitted that ‘I have never regretted anything more in my life than not learning to fly before I came here. It would have made all the difference in the world.’ John was not the only one to rue his father’s stubborn insistence in withholding permission to fly. A few weeks later, his Aunt Ann chided her brother on this very point: ‘If only we could see ahead or rather that you had been able to, Ted. He would have trained young and would now be instructing at a good salary and not so likely to have to fight’. In less than 12 months, Ted would bitterly regret his obstinacy.

If John could not change the past, he could at least exert some control over the present and he and his friend Jack Burraston determined that they would not return home with their tail between their legs. They had again arranged to share quarters and, as they had on the Orama, spent extra hours studying. ‘I am lucky in having such a decent chap as Jack with me and each night we go over the day’s work and test each other on what we’ve had.’

Their hard work paid off. One more was scrubbed from the course but the places of the remaining trainees were secure: ‘We feel awfully sorry about it, especially as he was so very popular and such a great fellow. We will all miss [him] very much. It wasn’t his fault, he just could not fly well enough. We all feel very relieved now as we hear that there won’t be any more as the weeding out is now finished.’

Pressure off, John put away his homesickness, impatience and fear of receiving the order of the boot and settled down to enjoy life and training. He took advantage of the hospitality of some of the local families, courtesy of the Dominion and Allied Services Hospitality Scheme, was fitted for his RAF uniform—which required the assistance of a batman to cope with the buttons—and gained in confidence and ability as he increased his solo flying hours. On 19 December he ‘did some more low flying ... It’s great fun and is in fact just about the best there is’ and, one month after his second solo flying test, ‘started forced landings today. Had to cut out motor at 2000 feet and land in forced landing field which is very small. Successfully accomplished it each time.’

The flying days whizzed by. ‘We haven’t been allowed to do much slacking as the Air Ministry is rushing us all through at a great pace.’ John ‘thought we’d have to work over Christmas and now we find we have a week off.’ After his warm welcome by Ann and William Brawn at Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire shortly after he arrived in England, he had initially planned to spend Christmas with them if he had time off. But, not realising the young Australian had family he could go to—and without John disabusing him of this belief—the training school’s commanding officer organised John and Jack Burraston to stay with: ‘Mrs Parkes at Stratford-on-Avon. I have met her and she is very lovely and tells us she has made all sorts of arrangements for us. I will probably be going down to St Giles on the Wednesday or Thursday and will spend the rest of my leave with the aunts. We are all trying to make the most of this leave as it will probably be the last we will get for a long time.’

What John did not realise was that his aunts had ‘looked forward and prepared for Christmas but his letter written on the 21st did not get here till Christmas Day.’ Despite their disappointment, they put aside the little treats they had prepared for him and waited while John enjoyed Mrs Parkes’s hospitality.

Like Bill Millington, John was welcomed by his hosts and happily fitted into their Christmas preparations and festivities. Mrs Parkes, known to all as ‘Granny Mary’, was ‘a wonderful woman and awfully kind’. The family were well off, running ‘a big Buick and three Standards and have a staff of servants. It must cost 40 pounds a week to run that house’. He enthusiastically embraced the comforts of his affluent Christmas billet and was in danger of letting them go to his head. ‘We sit at dinner and drink champagne and look absolutely it. There’s no doubt how these people do live well.’

Mrs Parkes had ‘a very wise daughter of 19 rejoicing in name of Diana. Really quite a decent kid’ and, on Christmas Eve, John and Jack accompanied her to the local hospital, where she was working as a Voluntary Air Detachment. There, they helped decorate the tree for the servicemen inmates. John became quite fond of Diana, who reciprocated his brotherly feelings towards her, later inviting him to her wedding. In Mrs Parkes he saw almost a surrogate for his mother and he later told Mick Crossman that ‘you’d love her, Mother, she is a wonderful woman and I’ve never yet had anyone but yourself be so good to me’.

John enjoyed his time with the Parkes family and, on Christmas Day, he and Jack both had: ‘An awfully good time, although not so terribly wild, in fact, we had a very quiet time. You’d have loved to see Burry and I sitting down to Christmas dinner with a terrific array of knives and forks on each side of us and being asked by the butler what we’d have from champagne downwards.’

Despite the excitement of his first English Christmas and ‘the wonderful kindness the Parkes’ are showing us I feel awfully homesick for Australia and the folks and Pat’. Two days later, he was at Chalfont St Giles for an all too brief belated Christmas with his aunts. Soon after he arrived, Aunt Mabel took him for a long walk about the village. As well as the local sites such as the meeting house of the first Quakers and grave of William Penn, she took him to the parish church. Coming from such a young country, he was impressed by its age, ‘over 600 years old and Cromwell’s daughter is reputed to have been married there’. They walked through the churchyard, and Mabel showed him the grave of her sister, Florence, who had died in November 1935. She regularly tended the grave, clearing weeds away and cleaning the carved headstone.

On their way home, John experienced his first ever snow fall, and was astounded by the ‘wonderful sight. Everything so still and white and clean’. Ann Brawn looked on bemused at her nephew’s reaction to something so mundane for them. ‘He was like a child about it. Could have eaten it, scooped it up and must have a few snowballs.’ Knowing her brother would want a full report of how his son was faring, Ann also turned a critical gaze towards John. She noticed that he was ‘the picture of health. If anything not quite so thin’. She judged that, despite chattering about his family, he was not pining for his life back in Australia. ‘Don’t get any idea into your minds that he is homesick. He is not. Everything is so new. He is more like a child, wondering what is around the next corner and everyone is wonderfully kind to him.’ John was obviously becoming adept at hiding his occasional yearning for home.

Ann was also pleased to report that John ‘wanted to know every detail of your young life, Ted, and said more than once that he never guessed that he should miss you so, but he did. I think he begins to see your point of view, perhaps hazily so far’. On the negative side, she noticed a tendency to contrariness in her young nephew, similar to her sister Mabel’s—‘If anyone ever tells me to do a thing I simply don’t’—and she felt that John would benefit from more discipline. She also saw that he was developing spend thrift ways but realised much of it had to do with ‘meeting a class of people whom even the regular English would not’. She was astounded at ‘what he spent on smokes. Approximately what I have kept the home on (not  counting Mabe) for the last four months ... I’ll tell you for your comfort he is not fooling away his money’. But he was.

Like his friends, he purchased decorative wings for his mother, had visiting cards engraved, bought lavish Christmas presents for the Parkes family, his aunts and Uncle Will, and spent freely when on leave. But Ann saw nothing of a problem that would haunt her in less than twelve months and, despite some mild criticism, she saw only the good in the nephew she had already come to love. ‘He has a GOOD heart’, ‘never speaks an ill word’ and ‘has no vices’. Above all, ‘he will be all right. Neither of you need worry. His head is screwed on just where he wants it.’

Despite his earlier intention to spend the rest of his leave with the Brawns and Aunt Mabel, John returned to London on the 29th. There he met up with Jack Burraston and Diana Parkes at Paddington and they caught the train to Stratford-on-Avon together. Before he left Chalfont St Giles, Ann Brawn wanted to assure herself and her brother that John was indeed happy with his new flying life. She ‘asked him if he likes it. He said it was the thing. The one thing he has always wanted and he is as keen as mustard’.

Flying was indeed the one thing John had always wanted to do and he had finally achieved his life’s ambition. He returned to Ansty at 8.30 p.m. on New Year’s Eve and, as others wondered what 1940 would bring, he reflected over the last few months in England and the joy he experienced whenever he took to the air. His dreams had come true. He was flying, but there was an element of make believe to it all, as if the bubble of his dream could burst at any moment. ‘New Year’s Eve. I didn’t think I’d be spending this one in England at an RAF Station.’

 ‘Oh my diary who records my hopes and fears’

Ken Holland spent two months at 3 Initial Training Wing, Hastings. A few days after he arrived on 2 October, he moved from his original 13-bed apartment in the Marine Court Hotel to the ‘comparative luxury’ of a six bed room. Making the most of the view across the English Channel, he ‘bagged a bed by a window, plus window sill in a quiet nook’. It was, to Ken, ‘très bon.’ Life was full—drilling, attending lectures, and playing ‘rugger’. The food looked all right, especially kidneys for breakfast, but more often than not it was foul, and on one occasion some seemingly good jelly gave him a severe stomach upset. He occasionally took himself off for a meal in town, on at least one occasion enjoying a ‘superb’ grilled sole. He made friends and, when it was time to let off steam, he joined in on the ‘very objectionable scrum in our part of the room’. One of those friends—though not a roommate—was Charles Palliser, from West Hartlepool in Durham.

Charles who at 5 ft 6 in was known as ‘Tich’, was almost exactly a year older than Ken. They bumped into each other in the mess one day and started chatting. Tich talked about his Yorkshire childhood and Ken told him all about Australia. He also spoke of his experiences at Airspeed Aeronautical College. Although neither had flown at that stage, Tich thought Ken a nice boy, who was particularly knowledgeable about aircraft generally as well as the aircraft industry.

Ken enjoyed his time at Hastings but he occasionally suffered from his isolation. Despite the circumstances of his home life in Australia, he dutifully wrote to him parents. He had not heard from his mother for some time and perhaps thought she welcomed the lengthy separation from the son she had not wanted. His loneliness at times became so intense it crowded out the feelings of rejection he harboured, and he was delighted when he finally received a long overdue letter from Ina Holland which revealed that none of his had reached Sydney. Always welcome were ones from his guardian, Major Hugh Ivor Emmott Ripley, known as Toby and his girlfriend, Seina Haydon. He pounced on Toby’s and fretted if Seina Haydon was tardy in writing: ‘No word from Seina—believe she has a cold—God forbid she has met someone else as I believe she is the girl for me for always now. Being alone amongst so many one thinks more about people. T. is dear to me as always and his letters help a lot but if my darling leaves me... .’

Ken drew his uniform on 24 October. So many of the other boys had ill-fitting tunics and trousers but his fit well enough. Lectures, drill, sport. The pattern experienced by Bill Millington a few weeks earlier varied little, relieved only by a trip to ‘Melorne’ at the beginning of November. And then back to ‘routine drill’, ‘routine lectures’ and rugger. ‘Life very dull’. So little was happening, in fact, that Ken took to recording the war news in his diary to fill up the pages and counted the days since he had received letters: ‘No letter from T.—Nothing from S. for 12 days’.

As November drew to a close, even his new friendships began to pall. The young man who loved to spend quiet afternoons riding his motorcycle and reading poetry was ‘so fed up with the crowd’ in his apartment and the new trainees arriving all the time that he moved into a single room so he could at least have the evenings to himself.

On 1 December, Ken wired Toby to meet him in Tavistock, in Devon. He also hoped to catch up with Seina. Once there, he and Toby intended to stay at a pub for a couple of days but the next morning a telegram arrived recalling Ken to Hastings. Plans shattered, they shared a ‘super but slightly mournful lunch’. Then Ken rushed to ‘Garmoe House’ to ‘see my darling Seina and hold her in my arms for a minute’ before dashing to nearby Launceston to catch the train back to Hastings. He could not get a through train so changed at Salisbury, hopped off at Portsmouth and gate-crashed a friend’s 21st birthday party. Somewhat making up for his ruined weekend, he caught up with ‘the old gang who looked fit’ and stayed the night.

He was up early on the 3rd to catch the 7.10 train and arrived back at Hastings at 10.00 a.m. He reported to the orderly room and discovered he was posted to 11 Elementary Flying Training School, Scone.

Ken and his fellow trainees arrived at Perth station at 7.00 a.m. on 4 December. It had been a long, bitterly cold trip, but he had managed to doze on the train by laying tables across the seats in his compartment. A coach was waiting and ferried them to the aerodrome at Scone, a small village a short distance away. First off breakfast, and the shock discovery that a four months course had been cut to eight weeks. (As it happened, this would not be the case). Then, he was off to stores to draw parachute, flying kit and books. Next, the trainees assembled and to meet the instructors. They described the training syllabus and told their new pupils there would be regular examinations and if they did not achieve the designated pass mark they would fail. And then, day just about over, Ken was taken to his billet, a comfortable one, he was pleased to note, with ‘good food and a super bed’. He wrote a letter to Seina, ‘had a quick bath and turned in at 22.20 and slept like a top.’

Work started the next day for Scone’s No. 23 Course. Ken was introduced to Flight Lieutenant Holmes, his flying instructor. Holmes was a calm, serious but pleasant man. He was ever tolerant of his pupils, and paced them carefully. As far as Ken was concerned at least, he was also long-suffering with the patience of Job.

Like Bill Millington and John Crossman, Ken quickly acquainted himself with the Tiger Moth. Holmes took him up for 25 minutes so his new pupil could develop a sense of the effect of the controls and become familiar with the cockpit layout. Over the next few days he practised taxiing and flying straight and level, medium turns and navigating through the mist. He moved onto gliding, climbing and stalling. He blitzed his first navigation test, scoring 14 out of 15. He marked the passing of the 100th day of war on 11 December and the next day was ‘up and spinning’.

As John Crossman discovered, RAF training had its ups and downs, and after his earlier success in the air, Ken encountered some failures. He attempted his first landing but ‘V. bad indeed. Got a ticking off.’ He received almost full marks in the next navigation test on the 13th but ‘made a hell of a mess as usual’ of his spinning and circuits lesson. He kept ‘making silly mistakes’ on the 15th and, when he spent most of the 16th trying to perfect his circuits and bumps, he managed to leave the patient Holmes ‘hairless’. There was no improvement on the 17th—‘absolutely hopeless’—and Holmes threatened to ground him. Ken didn’t record his feelings in his diary that night but it would not be surprising if was worried. Tich Palliser had soloed the day before, the first on their course to do, and after only 6 hours 35 minutes in the air. Others were also champing at the bit, and perfectly capable of taking the controls on their own. Tich recalled that the ‘atmosphere on the course was really exciting’. For everyone but Ken, perhaps, with the threat of expulsion hanging over him.

But Holmes didn’t ground Ken. Just as Flight Lieutenant Williams had given John Crossman a second chance, Holmes must have seen something in his bright young pupil who diligently went back to his billet most evenings—you couldn’t expect a young man to stay out of the pub every night—to study. On 18 December, Ken took his solo test with Flying Officer Sayers. He practised spinning and circuits and when they landed, Sayers sent Ken up on his own. It was ‘a great day’ for the young Australian. His ‘FIRST SOLO’.

Unlike Pat Hughes, Jack Kennedy and John Crossman who seemed to regress when they first soloed, Ken gained confidence. A naturally keen and vibrant young man, he positively thrived after his successful effort and bristled with new found skill and enthusiasm. With Holmes back in the instructor’s seat on the 19th, Ken followed up his successful first solo with sideslips, circuits and bumps and medium turns. Holmes came out of it ‘in good nick’ that day and Ken was allowed to solo for 45 minutes. On the next day’s solo session, he carried out ‘a lovely left hand [turn] from 4000 to 1000 [feet], not easily pulled out of.’ He passed some more tests and on 21 December he had a ‘grand’ dual session of low flying and map reading and delighted in seeing deer and a duck on the River Tay. To top it all off he received the happy news that he had eight days of Christmas leave. Life was indeed looking up as some of the trainees were not permitted home leave. After notching up another 25 minutes dual flying and map reading on the morning of the 22nd, he caught the train, final destination, ‘Melorne’. ‘What a joy to be going home.’

Ken had a blissful Christmas. He and Toby exchanged gifts and then had Christmas dinner at the Elliott Arms. They went to ‘Garmoe House’ for a party that evening, and Ken did the honours as Santa Claus. His darling Seina gave him socks, perhaps not the most romantic gift, but they would come in handy in the worsening Scottish winter, as would the furry slippers and scarf from Toby.

Ken and Toby walked home together and Ken could not have been happier. He had had a wonderful Christmas with Toby and Seina, but incredibly, Boxing Day was to bring even more joy. After a morning spent chatting and sipping sherry with Toby’s brother Guy who had come to visit, he went on an afternoon shoot. He hadn’t lost his eye, developed taking pot-shots at rats with his air rifle during his Bondi childhood, and was pleased to bag a snipe. It was all ‘good fun’. He then took Seina, who ‘looked stunning’, out to dinner and a dance. Afterwards, they returned to ‘Melorne’ to discover that Seina’s parents had stopped in for a few drinks. While Toby entertained the Haydons, Seina quietly told Ken that her mother had asked if she were fond of Ken. Seina confessed to the young man that she had initially hedged before answering truthfully that she was. She did not, however, admit the cause of her hesitation. Ken had earlier visited her at Torquay and had proposed. She did not accept, as ‘I wasn’t very sure about it’. But as the war progressed, and ‘as life was becoming so uncertain, I felt that perhaps it was the right thing to do’. After gentle probing from her mother regarding her feelings and apparent closeness to Ken, Seina decided she should marry the young Australian because it would give him ‘something to hold on to in a very uncertain world’. And so, for perhaps the wrong reasons, she told Ken she accepted his proposal.

Ken was overjoyed. ‘S. said yes!’. And even better, the Haydons ‘were pleased!!!!’ Despite his humble origins, it seemed Toby’s guardianship gave Ken a social cachet over and above that of poor Alex Hutchison who had been deemed such an unsuitable match. But of course, Ken know nothing of that sad affair and was delighted to record that ‘tonight they (mère et père) came into ‘Melorne’ and asked T. if he approved and T. said yes in an indefinite sort of way and vaguely said 25! i.e. my minimum age on marriage.’

Ken did not explain why he had to wait until he was 25, but regardless of the reasons, the young couple would have to wait some years. And perhaps Seina knew this when she accepted Ken’s proposal. She would not turn 21 until 20 May 1940 and her fiancé was still a few weeks shy of 20. Wait aside, Ken was happy. He believed Seina loved him and her parents were delighted with the match. Most importantly, the only child, who was not wanted by his own parents, was being welcomed into a large family, with the approval—of sorts—of the man he looked upon as his father.

Ken was due back at Scone on the 29th so did not have much time to spend with Seina. Despite his joy, he had a small niggle of fear that his dreams for the future might not eventuate.

Oh my diary who records my hopes and fears. I wonder will you see me a P[ilot] O[fficer] RAF—married happily to S. and living at ‘Melorne’ with T. smiling benignly at us and still retaining his love—pray God this last and most important will ever last.

 

http://www.alexanderfaxbooks.com.au/australias-few-and-battle-britain-0

 

Another Review of Australia's Few and the Battle of Britain

Great review from Aircrew Book Review: http://aircrewbookreview.blogspot.com.au/2014/11/australias-few-and-battle-of-britain.html

 

Reprinted in full below ...

 

Australia's Few and the Battle Of Britain - Kristen Alexander

For as long as books are written about aviation there will always be books about the Battle of Britain.  It is perhaps the one enduring ‘household name’ from the war.  Indeed, even its ‘stars’ – The Few, Churchill, Dowding, Bader, Spitfire, Hurricane – still roll off the tongue.  It must be considerably difficult, given so much has been written about this period of the war already, for an author to come up with a new angle that will be of sufficient interest to publishers and, of course, the target audience.  The key, however, is “The Few”.  The aircrew.  Every single one deserves to have his story told.  Many have.  Many haven’t.

Such was the impact of the RAF’s victory against the odds that the campaign still resonates with astounding clarity.  It is a popularity that has seen myths and tales repeated until they are accepted as fact before, thankfully, being debunked through good old-fashioned historical research.  This research, and the continuing interest in the subject matter, has ensured documents are re-discovered, or re-interpreted, and crash sites continue to be found.

The household names are such because, for the most part, they endured.  They added to their achievements beyond that summer of 1940 and provided future biographers and researchers with enough material to generate countless volumes of work.  Those who survived had a life after the Battle.  They had a voice with which to tell their own story.  What, then, of those who did not make it?  How can their voice be heard when, perhaps, it is hidden safely away in a shoebox in the cupboard of a still grieving widow or relative?  For many they are simply a name on a plaque or on a headstone.  A pilot of the Battle of Britain.

What was he like?  Why did he fly?  Was he married?  Who and what did he love?  Where did he come from?  Someone always remembers and that is how the lost are heard.  In the case of this book, realisation came before remembrance.  The author became inquisitive about the Australian involvement in the Battle after reading one of H.E. Bates’ classic works.  There followed a journey of discovery that produced astounding access to the personal papers and records of eight men who flew in the Battle of Britain and who are certainly not household names.  The result is a perfect blend of military and personal biography.  Now these young men have a voice again.

Crossman, Glyde, Holland, Hughes, Kennedy, Millington, Sheen and Walch.  All were Australians in the RAF.  Some learned to fly at Point Cook.  Others in England.  Some became aces.  Some earned the DFC.  One survived.

As expected, there is a lot of combat but these sequences are, as much as possible, told in the pilot’s words through snippets from logbooks and combat reports and judiciously selected comments from diaries and other musings.  This is, of course, what we expect of a book about the Battle of Britain.  What is expertly woven into the narrative, however, is exquisite detail of the personal lives of the men – their thoughts when on station, the evident tension experienced as time passed and fatigue grew and, most importantly, their experiences when not on duty.  Here we really learn who these men were. 

The most valuable material is, however, in the pre-war/pre-Battle narrative.  Logbooks and diaries are expected sources when writing about pilots in combat.  Discovering their lives before their greatest achievements requires a much more personal approach and a desire to tell the whole story and not just the exciting stuff.  The result of such in-depth research and analysis, lovingly so in each respect, is an understanding beyond anything official records will ever provide.  There is a reason why Kennedy never smiled in photographs, for example.  Yes, there is some reading between the lines but, given the extent of the source material at hand, it is very much an educated, informed and perceptive interpretation.

All eight men come to life as their lives are laid bare. The reader develops an affinity with each to the point where the losses are keenly felt.  Hughes, a phenomenally aggressive (Point Cook might still bear the scars!) and successful pilot and flight leader, particularly got under my skin as he built the foundation of a loving relationship and potential future family (he was, of course, not the only one to find love while overseas). The progressive losses set-up the final chapters as the stories do not end as seven men are shot down.  They leave behind families and friends who struggle to accept their shining light has gone.  This is where the writing really benefits from the author’s unsurpassed ‘eye for the personal’, as I like to call it, developed in her earlier works (Clive Caldwell Air Ace and Jack Davenport Beaufighter Leader).  While the entire book is written with emotion and caring, the closing chapters are almost heartbreaking as each family unit comes to terms, more or less, with their loss over the decades that followed the war.  The immediate reaction by colleagues and loved ones to each death is recorded in the main ‘action’ chapters but the Battle moves on and, of course, so must the narrative.  The last few chapters, however, are a delicately and expertly assembled section of the book that serves to remind us that these men left so much behind.

Such sublime content deserves an equally well-crafted package to be presented in. As much as this is the author’s coming of age as an aviation history writer, the publisher has gone above and beyond in ensuring this book is well presented. Indeed, the sheer presence of this beautiful hardback demands attention on the shelf.  The hardcovers replicate the dust cover artwork and prove there is more to life than dark cloth and gold-embossed text.  The pages are clean and crisp, the text is (justified!) the perfect size for easy reading and the photo section, cut down from a large number of images the author had collected, happily focuses on personal and intimate images of the men rather than stock photos of Spitfires and Hurricanes etc.  The effort put in to the design and layout is evident.  Someone at NewSouth really understood what the book is all about.  Add the professional notes and index and we have an example from the very pinnacle of book design.

If I’m honest, and that’s what ABR is all about, I tend to steer away from books on the Battle and prefer to hunt down those from lesser known campaigns, battles, squadrons and theatres.  That summer of 1940, however, is what I cut my teeth on when I first ‘discovered’ the world of Second World War aviation.  It’s always there, in various forms, on my shelves, online or, most of the time, at a local bookshop.  Why then, in this world of a seemingly inexhaustible supply of Battle of Britain books, and with the 75^th anniversary just around the corner, would you buy this book over the others?  The question really should be “why wouldn’t you?”  From cover to cover it is the perfect tribute to eight Australian pilots and, hands down, the best-presented ‘package’ I have seen in a while.  It can be tricky, as the narrative changes to another ‘character’, to keep abreast with who’s who but this is really only experienced early on before the reader gets to ‘know’ each budding pilot.  The timelines of all eight are well managed and I hate to think of the headaches weaving them all together must have caused.  At a little over 400 pages of narrative, notes, bibliography and index, you’d think this would be a longish read but it flows so nicely, and there is always something to discover on the next page, that progress is swift.

Eight men have finally had their stories told.  It couldn’t have been done better.  I am bloody glad to have read Australia’s Few and the Battle of Britain.  I am bloody glad to have it on my shelf.

NewSouth Publishing 2014

ISBN 9-781742-234151

Review of Australia's Few and the Battle of Britain

From Andy Wright. Flightpath Volume 26, No. 2, November 2014-January 2014

 

The sheer presence of this beautiful hardback demands attention. The hardcovers replicate the dust cover artwork and prove there is more to life than dark cloth and gold embossed text. They are a taster as, once the book is opened, the crisp, clean pages, the superb layout and the professional notes and index are the pinnacle of book design. Such effort was required because the content is sublime. Yes, it’s another book on the Battle of Britain but, rather than another angle on this most famous of aerial campaigns, this one is very personal and re-introduces eight relatively unknown Australian flyers. Only [Pat] Hughes, [Dick] Glyde and [Des] Sheen were familiar names. Even so, for Glyde, this is the first time his story has been told in detail. Indeed, the same could be said for the others too—[Bill] Millington, [John] Crossman, [Ken] Holland, [Jack] Kennedy and [Stuart] Walch. Most, if not all, simply became one of ‘The Few’ in photos or on plaques and headstones in semi-forgotten fields in England. These young men have a voice again (notably Des Sheen was the only one to survive the war). Their lives are laid bare via an impressive collection of letters and diary entries. There is, of course, a lot of combat but these sequences do not outweigh the pre-war lives, training and personal lives and loves in England. The final chapters emotionally detail the families’ struggles to live without their beloved boys. Everything is so well done and, importantly, eight men can live on in the hearts and minds of all who read this book. They deserve it. Postscript. First published in Australia, a UK edition is now due in 2015.  



 

7 September 1940: Paterson Clarence Hughes passed over the skyline.

Paterson Clarence Hughes Junior could trace his family back to the First Fleet. John Nichols was convicted at London’s Old Bailey for stealing and was transported to Australia in Scarborough, arriving in January 1788. He completed his sentence in 1791 and accepted a land grant at Prospect Hill. His fortunes waxed over the years; his land holdings increased; he became known as a successful farmer and he advanced from constable to Chief Constable of Prospect Hill. He started living with Ann, also a convict, in 1802 and later married her.

 

 

John’s fortunes continued to improve and by 1814 he had ceased to receive any assistance from government stores and was solely responsible for maintaining his family, convict labourers and employees. In 1814 he sold his original land grant but during the following five years his luck waned and he found himself employed as a labourer. But luck smiled again. In 1820 he was granted land in the County of Cumberland and by 1822, the year of his death, he had a holding of 80 acres. John and Ann had eleven children. Their seventh child, Amelia, had been born in 1811. In July 1827 she married Charles Hughes, who, like her father was also convict but had received his ticket of leave two months before the wedding. They had ten children, the foundation of a large extended and thoroughly Australian family.

In 1851, the first alluvial gold had been discovered at Cowra Creek in the Monaro, an area of pastoral and mining riches at the foot of NSW’s Snowy Mountains. By 1888 mining of payable rock deposits had commenced and many miners and their families came to the area. By 1896, there were about fifty miners at the Cowra Creek mine, with a supporting infrastructure of general store, hotel, butcher and blacksmith. There were also enough children to warrant two school teachers in the one room-and-veranda school at Upper Cowra Creek.

At some point, John Nichols’ great grandson, born Percival Clarence Hughes but recorded on his marriage registration as Paterson C, came to the Monaro. It is now a mystery as to why he changed his name from Percival to Paterson (and the adopted name meant so much that he gave it to his youngest son, who was known as Paterson Clarence Hughes Junior), although he was known as Percy all his life. Born in 1874 at Belford in NSW’s Hunter region, he had trained as a teacher and had accepted a post at the Upper Cowra Creek school, which was located close to the mine. In 1895, he married Caroline Vennell whose own Australian roots were well established. Her father had emmigrated to Australia in 1841 and her mother in 1853, both settling in the Cooma area. Born in 1878, Caroline had lived all her life in the Monaro.

Percy and Caroline’s first child, Murial (known as Midge) was born in 1896. Their youngest son was born on 19 September 1917 at, or near, Numeralla, near Cooma. Paterson Clarence Hughes Junior, known as Pat, was the eleventh of twelve children—Elizabeth, the youngest, died while still an infant—and he appeared to take after his mother.

In an area where ‘every soul about the place is someone else’s cousin’, Percy quickly established his own roots. He and Caroline moved to Peak View soon after their marriage. Over the years, he held a number of teaching posts in local schools. In July 1903 he was head teacher at Jerangle school. It was a far from prestigious posting. Jerangle was a one-roomed, weatherboard school which had about 20 pupils and only operated a few hours each day. Percy resigned in October 1904 and soon after moved on to the Peak View School, another weatherboard one-room-and-veranda school which, until 1906, also operated on a part-time basis. He was one of its earliest teachers and he taught there for many years and his own growing brood was schooled there during that time.

Percy was tall, of slim build, moustachioed, and with piercing grey-blue eyes. His dark hair turned to silver and later, as he aged, to a shock of white. He had a great sense of humour and was very intelligent. He soon gained a reputation in the Monaro and even further afield as a literary talent. He wrote poetry and stories of the Monaro people and events, which were published in the local papers and The Bulletin. Most are lost, but the family still holds copies of some of his works, including one, ‘Little Plain, Jerangle or Jeringle’ which lent its name to one of the area’s local histories. Percy was also renowned as a great reader and was often so engrossed in his books he didn’t arrive at school until after starting time. Percy passed on his great love of reading to his youngest son, who was only too happy to settle down with a good book when he had the opportunity.

It was a happy life of close family and neighbour connections. There were visits to and from Caroline’s family and there were many communal entertainments including picnics, dances, cricket and every year on Empire Day their connections to England (whether as free or convict settlers) were remembered. The day’s celebration finished off with dazzling fireworks which delighted adults and youngsters alike, and lived in the memories of many.

Despite the twenty-one years difference between the ages of the eldest and youngest, Pat and his six sisters and four brothers were close and he considered his family the ‘best...in the world’. Later, he would admit to being homesick when away from them for the first time, and count the days until his return. And when he contemplated the commencement of what would become his final separation, he mused that ‘I would like to go [to Blighty] very much, travel and all that but being away from home for so long appears to be the worse part.’ Naturally enough, Pat was closest to those of about his own age, and one of his few publically-held letters to his sister Marjorie, known as Marj, shows their shared sense of humour and a clear fondness for each other. It also reveals Pat’s protective streak—he exhorted Marj to ‘see you are still a single girl’ until he returns home.

With a new addition to the family appearing regularly—four within the first five years of her marriage—Caroline quickly settled into motherhood. She proved a loving mother and, later, an indulgent, welcoming and doting grandmother but as the family expanded even more, she needed help. As the eldest, Midge was like a second mother to her younger siblings. She was the first to leave the family home, marrying in Annandale, Sydney, in 1916. She and her husband Tom eventually moved to Kiama and always welcomed her large family when they visited. These holidays at her seaside home were always much-anticipated and long-treasured times. Years later, the thought of his sister Marj sunning herself in Kiama while Pat was enduring England’s bleak 1938–39 winter ‘almost gives me apoplexy’. Somehow he managed to ‘gather my fleeing sanity together by thinking hard of things far removed from beaches, sun brown and sun’ by sucking on bits of sleet as they settled on his tongue.

Soon after Pat’s birth, Percy took on the running of the Peak View post office. Sometime after that, Percy accepted an appointment at Cooma Public School. By now he was well known in the area as a poet and greatly respected—the school library would be named after him. Young Pat attended Cooma Public School. He had inherited his father’s sense of humour but his took a more mischievous bent: he was remembered by an old school friend as ‘a bright spark and a practical joker’.

Percy continued teaching for only a few years. The 1921 electoral rolls indicate that in 1921 he was employed as a labourer at Tarsus, Cooma. He worked there for a number of years, but by the 1928 roll he was labouring at Bulong, on Cooma’s Mittagang Road. The family moved to Bulong as well. Pat retained fond memories of the property and years later would compare the ‘quite brown and flat’ countryside around Albury to it. Later that year, Percy, Caroline and those who were still living at home, moved to Sydney (at least Marj, Connie and Pat—the others were long married or, like Fred, had left as soon as they were old enough to get a job). Although they kept in contact with some of the locals after they left the area, Pat and his family’s ties with the Monaro were severed: they had all left, never to permanently return. The Monaro, however, remembers Percy’s youngest son.

Electoral rolls state that they first moved to 18 Knocklayde Street, Ashfield West. They were still there in 1933 but by August 1935 they were living at 5 Gillies Avenue, Haberfield. The rolls also state that Percy continued to be working (or at least identifying) as a labourer. Whether Percy’s permanent retirement from teaching was by choice (he was 56 in 1930) or whether he was a casualty of the Depression is not known but it seems as if the family experienced some financial difficulties. The many moves over the years indicate Percy did not own his own home and, with three school age children when they first arrived, money may have been tight. It appears as if Pat’s brother Bill and sister Valerie paid (or at the very least contributed to) the rent. It is highly likely that, as a labourer, Percy would have only worked sporadically during the Depression years. Whatever the family’s financial circumstances, Caroline stretched her budget to ensure that her family—those at home and visiting children and grandchildren—were well fed. She was a good cook and never lost her habit of keeping the pantry stocked for large family meals.

Pat attended Petersham Public High School from 1931 and attained good results in the Intermediate Certificate. He was remembered as having above average intelligence and indeed, with A passes in English, French, History and Elementary Science and B passes in Maths and Business Principles, he was ranked second of the school’s 106 students who sat for the intermediate. His conduct and attendance while at Petersham were respectable and he was made school prefect in 1932 and vice captain in 1933.

Pat loved sport and during his school years he devoted much of his leisure time to field, court and pool. He was in the premier team of the fourth grade Rugby League competition and played fourth grade tennis in 1931. He moved up to first grade league and also swam for the school in 1932–33. He was in the school life-saving class, held proficiency and first aid certificates, and had attained the bronze medallion.

Pat was also very handy. He had an early fascination with electricity and spent hours constructing crystal radio sets and tuning into programs from all over the world. As an adult he converted his school boy interest in science and radio to some experience in wireless telegraphy and telephony.

After Petersham, Pat attended Fort Street Boys’ High School for eight months, where he obtained satisfactory passes in all subjects before leaving to take up employment as a junior stock clerk with Saunders’ jewellers. It is not known why he did not continue at school but with the Depression still in full swing perhaps he felt the need to join the work force and contribute to the family income. Perhaps too, he had already decided on a career in the air force and he would need to save a considerable nest egg so he could afford the full range of accoutrements of an officer and gentleman in the Royal Australian Air Force. Certainly it was all hands on deck to help outfit him. His sister-in-law Ruby—who married to his brother Fred in 1927—had been a theatre costume designer and seamstress. She could sew anything at all from overcoats to pyjamas and she soon found herself responsible for part of Pat’s RAAF wardrobe, including a dressing gown.

It is not known exactly when Pat first decided that he wanted to be a pilot. It seemed as if Pat had always loved flying and was constantly making balsa wood model aeroplanes while he was at Cooma Public School and later, when he moved to Haberfield. He had read about the premier Great War pilots of both sides of the conflict, including Boelke and Mannock, who he considered ‘the best of all the British pilots in the war.’ Whatever that first spark, in an era of great aerial exploits and general airmindedness, Pat’s fascination for the models soon translated to something more substantial and he had taken a couple of flips with enough time in the air to qualify as flying experience. He later stated that he wanted to join the air force because it ‘will be the thing in [a] couple of years’. As far as he was concerned, his acceptance was a given—when he started his Point Cook diary, he headed it ‘The Chronicles of Hughes Junior. Air Cadet in Air Force (naturally)—and indeed he was accepted. On 20 January 1936, Pat was one of 43 young men, all dressed smartly in their best suits and carrying an assortment of sports equipment, kit, suitcases and travelling trunks, who found their way to RAAF headquarters at Victoria Barracks.

It is hard to get a measure of the personality of someone who is 70-odd years dead, but not impossible. Much can be learned of Pat from his 1936 diary and extant letters as well as from those who remember him, or who have heard the larger-than-life stories that have evolved. A self-confessed tardy correspondent, Pat admitted writing to his parents and siblings ‘every now and then when George RI can spare my time’ and often in response to some ‘gnattering’ (sic) by his siblings, as relayed by his mother, that he owed someone or other a letter. He may not have inherited his father’s poetic abilities but his letters and diary are well-written (in beautiful handwriting), full of wit and with a sparkling liveliness. They are also heavily laden with sarcasm. Even so, they are a joy to read and very revealing, which is just as well, because, in the photo he sent along with his RAAF application, he seemed to be doing his best to hide his buoyant personality and vibrant zest for living.

This photo, too, reveals that Pat took some time to grow into his good looks. Five feet 11½ inches tall, with grey eyes, brown hair, and a medium complexion he was, at 17, a bit gormless looking, with acne and a partly opened mouth, uncomfortably attired in his best suit and tie, with handkerchief peeking from his jacket pocket. Despite this unprepossessing image, it was not too long before he grew into a handsome young man who looked well in RAAF uniform (assuming he could keep it neat; he was none too tidy and on at least one occasion his tunic looked ‘as if the dog slept on it for about a week). He had a solid frame to match his height but soon fill out even more. A hearty eater, he grew into a big, well-built young man but not too overweight—although he did admit to being so heavy at Christmas 1938 when he reached thirteen stone nine pounds that he ‘used to get tired carting myself about’.

Despite that early photographic evidence, Pat never lost his boyhood reputation of a practical joker and the childish bright spark translated in the adult to ‘a tremendous joie de vivre’. He was remembered as having ‘more boisterous life in him’ than anyone else. He was personality plus, and his sheer zest for life was often expressed at full voice, despite not being able to carry a single tuneful note. He was often ringleader of great pranks such as the time he and his friends debagged one of their fellow cadets and threw the hapless victim’s trousers over the rafters of the mess anteroom; the time he and some RAF friends were caught erecting a toilet—pedestal, seat, cistern and chain—outside a pub; and the time he won a raw duck in the Christmas sweep, painted a swastika on its chest and then hung it by its neck over the front doors of the mess. It was so cold it stayed there for three days. He finally took it down and generously gave it to his batman as a present. There was no doubt about it, Pat lived life to the full.

Sport appears to have taken a back seat after Pat left school but, when he commenced his Point Cook cadetship, it became all important. Sport was compulsory and Rugby was played constantly. At first Pat did not appreciate having his precious leisure time filled with football and sarcastically recorded that the daily program was ‘all cared for by some far-sighted person who arranges our sport to suit himself. We have such a lot of recreation that if we were allowed our own way frequently we would become rather fat and lazy—or so were are told.’ But by the time the junior course commenced in July he was pleased to note that they were able to muster a good team out of them.

Pat may have been a school prefect and vice captain but it didn’t necessarily follow that he would be a paragon of perfect behaviour at Point Cook. He often felt frustrated at the school syllabus, his progress, the strictures of RAAF rules or just life in general and he would vent his irritation as energetically and rowdily as possible. For instance, ‘one glorious pillow fight and a bucket of water helped liven somebody else’s dreary existence’, followed the next day by spending the ‘entire morning playing practical jokes on friends’ after being bored witless during a session on signals, and ‘a concerted attack on the water supply in the form of a glorious water fight’. He would hide the bedclothes of a course mate for the sheer hell of it and, on occasion, he was so pent up that, feeling like ‘the proverbial ball of muscle’, he would head into the mess ‘to start a fight’. With so much vibrant but disruptive energy, it is no wonder that he was charged with ‘conduct to the prejudice of good order and air force discipline’ because he was caught talking and being generally inattentive during a lecture and, even when he was checked by his instructor, continued to disrupt the class. He was confined to barracks for three days to cool his heels. Pat’s own verdict of the charge? ‘Fat, illiterate little swine [i.e. his instructor] but I suppose I deserved it.’ He may have accepted the charge but was not impressed with the punishment: ‘Can’t read the papers, have to report like a paroled convict’ and he couldn’t appear in the anteroom until meals commenced. However, he facetiously noted that he was able to take advantage of the extra 10 minutes this restriction afforded him to ‘sit down and meditate on my crimes, so to speak.’

Pat had a strong sense of self which ranged from self deprecating—he thought the newest member of his family had better be ‘strong and healthy to stand up to the shock of having an uncle like me’—to the supremely confident—he never had any doubt that he would be accepted into the Royal Australian Air Force. Even so, his self confidence soon took a battering and he realised he would have to ‘try very hard to succeed’. Pat also had an introspective side and a few months after commencing at Point Cook, he displayed a growing maturity.

While many of his fellow trainees were watching, 19 year old Norman Chaplin tried to parachute from a plummeting aircraft. He had been flying solo and practising aerobatics when his port wing crumpled as he came out of a loop. He jumped from the diving aircraft but the parachute did not open fully. It had either entangled in the falling aircraft or there had not been enough height when Chaplin pulled the ripcord. Chaplin was still alive when he landed but was fatally injured and died shortly afterwards. Chaplin, ‘a quiet gentlemanly lad’ was well liked by his class mates. Pat, no doubt in shock himself, recorded Chaplin’s death bluntly: ‘Bloody awful. First death. Boys are taking it pretty badly.’ That night, the officers, who had witnessed many training deaths, ‘put on a show in the mess’ and, although Pat considered that ‘it has taken the sting out of things, the thought of Chaplin’s death still hangs around’. But the sting did not last. There was little time to dwell on the accident because the instructors kept Chaplin’s classmates constantly on the go. The official attitude was to just get on with things and the next morning it was business as usual with flying tests, formation flying, stall turns and—perhaps to ensure they all got back on the horse again, so to speak—loops. Chaplin was buried with full ceremonial honours on 18 April and by Monday 20 April, after a weekend off which saw Pat and his friends acting the goat in the mess playing chariot races with the easy chairs, Pat noted that ‘the effects of Chaplin’s death are wearing off completely. The boys are coming through OK’.

Pat, too, came through and went on to complete his cadetship, coming 28th in his class with 66.3%. It is interesting that Major Edward Corringham ‘Mick Mannock VC, DSO and Two Bars, MC and Bar was his Great War hero, as he proved a particularly apt role model, given the successes and stresses of Pat’s air force career. Mannock may have been the highest-scoring British Empire ace of all time (Pat did not surpass him but proved to be Australia’s highest scoring ace of the Battle of Britain) and Pat was not alone in considering him the greatest fighter pilot of the war. Mannock was an aggressive pilot but later suffered from nervous tension, as did Pat. Among other things, Mannock’s posthumous Victoria Cross citation stated that ‘this highly distinguished officer, during the whole of his career in the Royal Air Force, was an outstanding example of fearless courage, remarkable skill, devotion to duty and self-sacrifice, which has never been surpassed’. Perhaps Pat’s qualities did not surpass Mannock’s but he certainly displayed fearless courage, remarkable skill, devotion to duty and self-sacrifice throughout his Battle of Britain career and until his death, 12 days short of this 23rd birthday.

He had been busy during his last days. He had flew two patrols on 31 August, two on 1 September, two on 2 September, 1 on 3 September, 1 on 4 September (during which he had scored a hat trick), 1 on 5 September and 6 September would see him in the air three times. 31 August–6 September: twelve sorties in seven days and in dogfighting combat three days in a row. He was more than a double ace. He had no idea that his DFC recommendation was winging its way up the chain of command; had been ever since 29 August. As well as his battle prowess and courage his leadership in particular was commended: ‘His example, leadership and control has in all respects been exemplary and all the more valuable and important in its influence upon the squadron as the other two senior officers viz the Squadron Leader and A Flight Commander became non-operational flying officers and left the squadron.’

Whether the Dornier–Spitfire collision that felled a brave young man and recent husband on 7 September 1940 was accidental or deliberate is not known but Pat was the second Australian to die in combat that day. He was the eighth Australian to die in the Battle of Britain and, by tragic coincidence, like his compatriot Dick Reynell, his parachute had not opened. Pat, the ‘real go getter’ who ‘believed in getting close and doing something dangerous’, was dead. He had displayed true courage in continuing to fight but the luck he had invested in his tarnished talisman which, just on a year ago, he had claimed would be coming back to Australia with him in 1942, had run out.

Six years earlier, still a school boy, Pat had penned ‘An Autumn Evening’ for his school magazine. As an epitaph, it is strangely apt. ‘The cool evening wind came whispering over the lonely land ... The watcher rose slowly to his feet, and with the beauty of that autumn evening impressed on his soul, he started again on his journey. For a moment he was lost to view behind an outcrop, but then for a short time he stood, vaguely outlined against the lighter gloom of a wide-arched sky—and then he passed from sight—over the skyline’. Like the watcher, Paterson Clarence Hughes passed over the skyline. Vale

*****

 

You can read more about Pat's life and sterling flying career in Australia's Few and the Battle of Britain.

 

Available now in Australian bookshops and on kindle. It will be published in the UK by Pen & Sword in April 2015.

http://www.alexanderfaxbooks.com.au/australias-few-and-battle-britain for signed copies or your local bookshop (Publisher: NewSouth Books 2014 ISBN 9781742234151)

http://www.amazon.com/Australias-Battle-Britain-Kristen-Alexander-ebook/dp/B00N1BFJWY/ref=sr_1_1?s=digital-text&ie=UTF8&qid=1409872069&sr=1-1&keywords=australia%27s+few+and+the+battle+of+britain

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preview of Australia's Few and the Battle of Britain

I am so excited. Australia's Few and the Battle of Britain has arrived.

What wonderful cover art:



The book tells the remarkable stories of eight young Australians who fought in the Battle of Britain:



Jack Kennedy (238 Squadron)—Sydney born and bred; Spitfire and Hurricane pilot, the first Australian to die in the Battle

Stuart Walch (238 Squadron)—Hobart born and bred; Hurricane pilot, known as the father of his squadron

Dick Glyde DFC (87 Squadron)—Perth born and bred; Australia’s first internee of the war; Hurricane pilot who flew in the Battle of France and died on Eagle Day

Pat Hughes DFC (234 Squadron)—Monaro born and bred, memorialised in Cooma and Kiama, raised to adulthood in Sydney; Spitfire pilot and Australia’s highest scoring Battle ace who died defending London on the first day of the Blitz

Ken Holland (152 Squadron)—Sydney born and bred; Spitfire pilot and the youngest Australian to die

John Crossman (32 and 46 squadrons)—Queensland-born and Newcastle raised; Hurricane pilot who was determined to fly at all cost

Bill Millington DFC (79 and 249 squadrons)—English born but Adelaide raised; Hurricane pilot and exemplar of chivalry who avoided crashing into a village; died on the last day of fighting

Desmond Sheen DFC and Bar (72 Squadron)—Sydney-born and Canberra raised; Spitfire pilot and first Australian to engage the enemy in combat. Baled out twice, and survived.


Perhaps you might like to have a sneak peek of what the book is like ... but first, you have to endure some shots of me gloating over it ...







OK. Now for the book itself.

As you can see, it is very handsomely produced. Hard cover dust wrapper, illustrated boards, stitched page sections (so it won't fall apart if you are a hard reader), a goodly number of b&w pics, two maps and some cleverly designed chapter header logos. For the historians, it is fully endnoted with a detailed bibliography of primary and secondary sources.  And an index. All in all, I am thrilled with it.

What do you think of the frontispiece illustration?

That depicts Pat Hughes' last moments in combat. I was thrilled to receive permission to use this from the man who commissioned the painting, based on their father's eyewitness account of the battle.





The table of contents gives the overview of the book but it is only when you read it that you will gain a true sense of the narrative sweep.

It was difficult selecting the photos and took weeks to make up my mind. I think the end result is mighty impressive. 

 

Do you see the wings brooch in this photo?

That was given to me by Jack Kennedy's former fiancee. I treasure it.

I was so pleased when NewSouth's designer used it as the basis for the chapter headers (see below).

It was all bit of a coincidence too, in that I had separately commissioned a graphic designer to come up with my personal writer's logo which includes a stylised set of wings (see at the top of this post). I love how they all relate.




Here are some extracts from the book.

Australia’s Few and the Battle of Britain is available now with a recommended retail price of $A49.99 from all good booksellers throughout Australia. Naturally, Alexander Fax Booksellers will stock signed copies. Postage and packaging will be additional. Australia's Few and the Battle of Britain will be published in the United Kingdom by Pen and Sword at a later date. (I haven't been told the publication date yet) If you don't mind waiting a bit, you will be able to purchase it from your local bookshop in Britain as well.

To purchase from Alexander Fax Booksellers, just follow the link at http://www.alexanderfaxbooks.com.au/australians-few-and-battle-britain or email alexfax@alexanderfaxbooks.com.au

If you prefer to order via your favourite local (Australian) bookshop, here is what you need to tell them:

Title: Australia’s Few and the Battle of Britain, Author: Kristen Alexander
Publisher: NewSouth, ISBN 9781742234151  

I look forward to sharing with you what I have discovered about Jack Kennedy Stuart Walch, Dick Glyde, Ken Holland, Pat Hughes, Bill Millington, John Crossman and Des Sheen. I will of course tell everyone I know about Australia’s Few and the Battle of Britain. Details are already on my website, and that of Alexander Fax Booksellers, and on our Facebook pages. Please help spread the news to your family and friends, and anyone interested in Australia’s aviation history, by word of mouth or social media, so that more people can learn of the bravery of these young men, and their part in the world’s greatest air war.

Before I sign off, I want to share one last thing. Pat Hughes' favourite song was 'Where or When', by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, which featured in the 1937 musical and 1939 movie Babes in Arms. In it, a young couple who meet for the first time are instantly struck by the feeling that they have been in love before, but they can’t work out where they met, or how long ago. Their strong impression of déjà vu, along with their immediate attraction, create the sense that they belong together. Here is my favourite version of that lovely, evocative song.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnRSM3dLSTk

I hope you have enjoyed the sneak peek of Australia's Few and the Battle of Britain.  It is my fourth book and I think it is my best.


Kristen
www.kristenalexander.com.au
https://www.facebook.com/australiasfew
https://www.facebook.com/KristenAlexanderAuthor
Twitter: Kristen Alexander @kristenauthor
www.alexanderfaxbooks.com.au
https://www.facebook.com/AlexanderFaxBooksellers
: